Power Cables and Selection Criteria
A cable is a material composed of one or more conductors that transmit electrical energy or connect two devices. Its structure typically consists of layers such as conductor, insulation, sheath, screen, concentric conductor, and armor.
With the increasing urban population and rising energy demand, the use of underground cables has become almost mandatory. These cables are insulated according to the voltage group in which they are used and can be installed underground, outdoors, or even underwater. Cable-based energy transmission is considered safer for residential areas, as cables are not affected by atmospheric conditions.
When selecting cables, they must be designed to withstand chemical effects, moisture, and environmental conditions in the areas where they are installed.
In practice, many types of cables are used, including:
- Power cables
- Direct current (DC) cables
- Superconducting cables
- Gas-insulated cables
- Sodium-conductor cables
- Extra-high voltage cables
- Submarine cables
Cables are classified into different categories:
- By Conductor Material
- Aluminum conductor cables
- Copper conductor cables
- By Insulation Type
- PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride) insulated cables
- Paper-insulated cables
- PE (Polyethylene) insulated cables
- XLPE (Cross-linked Polyethylene) insulated cables
3. By Purpose of Use:
- Power Cables – For energy transmission along railway infrastructure.
- Control and Signaling Cables – For automation, signaling, and safety systems.
- Telephone Cables – For voice communication within railway operations.
- Communication Cables – For data transfer and telecommunication across stations, trains, and control centers.
4. By Operating Conditions:
- Heavy-Duty Cables – Designed for environments with demanding conditions such as underwater installations, mining operations, and areas with high chemical exposure.
- Normal and Light-Duty Cables – Suitable for standard operating environments with less severe external factors.
Heavy-duty environments such as submarine applications, mining sites, and chemically aggressive areas require cables with enhanced durability, resistance, and compliance with stringent safety standards.